Vmstat
Vmstat reports virtual memory statistics of process, virtual memory, disk, trap and CPU activity.On multicpu systems, vmstat averages the number of CPUs into the output. For per-process statistics .Without options, vmstat displays a one-line summary of the virtual memory activity since the system was booted.
Syntax:
Basic syntax is vmstat interval count
option - let you specify the type of information needed such as paging -p , cache -c ,.interrupt -i etc.
If no option is specified information about process, memory, paging, disk, interrupts & CPU is displayed.
Basic syntax is vmstat
option - let you specify the type of information needed such as paging -p , cache -c ,.interrupt -i etc.
If no option is specified information about process, memory, paging, disk, interrupts & CPU is displayed.
Interval - is time period in seconds between two samples.
vmstat 4 will give data at each 4 seconds interval.
Count - is the number of times the data is needed.
vmstat 4 5 will give data at 4 seconds interval 5 times.
vmstat 4 will give data at each 4 seconds interval.
Count - is the number of times the data is needed.
vmstat 4 5 will give data at 4 seconds interval 5 times.
Other essential options which can be used with vmstat:
vmstat -s gives the summary of the statistics
vmstat –p gives the information about paging activity.
Example: vmstat 5
procs | memory | page | disk | faults | cpu | ||||||||||||
r b w | swap | free re mf | pi | po | fr | de | sr | s0 s1 | s2 | s3 | in | sy | cs | us sy id | |||
0 0 0 | 11456 4120 1 | 41 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 48 112 | 130 | 4 | 14 82 | ||
0 0 1 | 10132 4280 0 | 4 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 23 | 0 | 0 211 230 | 144 | 3 | 35 62 | ||||
0 0 1 | 10132 4616 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 19 | 0 | 0 150 172 | 146 | 3 | 33 64 | ||||
0 0 1 | 10132 5292 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 21 | 0 | 0 165 105 | 130 | 1 | 21 78 | ||||
The fields of vmstat's display are
procs
r in run queue
b blocked for resources I/O, paging etc.
w swapped
memory (in Kbytes)
swap - amount of swap space currently available
free - size of the free list
page ( in units per second).
re page reclaims - see -S option for how this field is modified.
mf minor faults - see -S option for how this field is modified.
pi kilobytes paged in
po kilobytes paged out
fr kilobytes freed
de anticipated short-term memory shortfall (Kbytes)
sr pages scanned by clock algorithm
disk ( operations per second )
There are slots for up to four disks, labeled with a single letter and number.
The letter indicates the type of disk (s = SCSI, i = IPI, etc). The number is the logical unit number.
faults
in (non clock) device interrupts
sy system calls
cs CPU context switches
cpu - breakdown of percentage usage of CPU time. On multiprocessors this is an average across all processors.
us user time
sy system time
id idle time
procs
r in run queue
b blocked for resources I/O, paging etc.
w swapped
memory (in Kbytes)
swap - amount of swap space currently available
free - size of the free list
page ( in units per second).
re page reclaims - see -S option for how this field is modified.
mf minor faults - see -S option for how this field is modified.
pi kilobytes paged in
po kilobytes paged out
fr kilobytes freed
de anticipated short-term memory shortfall (Kbytes)
sr pages scanned by clock algorithm
disk ( operations per second )
There are slots for up to four disks, labeled with a single letter and number.
The letter indicates the type of disk (s = SCSI, i = IPI, etc). The number is the logical unit number.
faults
in (non clock) device interrupts
sy system calls
cs CPU context switches
cpu - breakdown of percentage usage of CPU time. On multiprocessors this is an average across all processors.
us user time
sy system time
id idle time
Identifying the bottlenecks:
1.) If the number of processes in run queue (procs r) are consistently greater than the number of CPUs on the system it will slow down system as there are more processes then available CPUs .
2.) If this number is more than four times the number of available CPUs in the system then system is facing shortage of cpu power and will greatly slow down the processess on the system.
3.) If the idle time (cpu id) is consistently 0 and if the system time (cpu sy) is double the user time (cpu us) system is facing shortage of CPU resources. The system time should not be more than the user time at any give instance.
4.) Memory bottlenecks are determined by the scan rate (sr) . The scan rate is the pages scanned by the clock algorithm per second. If the scan rate (sr) is continuously over 200 pages per second then there is a memory shortage. Scan rate and page out should be zero or 1.
1.) If the number of processes in run queue (procs r) are consistently greater than the number of CPUs on the system it will slow down system as there are more processes then available CPUs .
2.) If this number is more than four times the number of available CPUs in the system then system is facing shortage of cpu power and will greatly slow down the processess on the system.
3.) If the idle time (cpu id) is consistently 0 and if the system time (cpu sy) is double the user time (cpu us) system is facing shortage of CPU resources. The system time should not be more than the user time at any give instance.
4.) Memory bottlenecks are determined by the scan rate (sr) . The scan rate is the pages scanned by the clock algorithm per second. If the scan rate (sr) is continuously over 200 pages per second then there is a memory shortage. Scan rate and page out should be zero or 1.
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